Therefore, I thought it should be possible to solve this equation system such that the error terms can be determined from the S-parameter measurements. Having developed these equations from the signal flow graphs, I can see that there are 8 unknowns (the error terms e1 through e8) and we have 8 measurements (S11match, S11short, S11thru, S21thru, S12thru, S22thru, S22match, S22short). Similar to Port 1, we can draw a signal flow graph for Port 2 when the Reflect and Match standards are used, and the results are If Ports 1 and 2 are connected directly together, using the Thru standard, then we have the following signal graph:Īnd we can find the S-Parameters of this arrangement as follows: If we use a short as the Reflect standard, we have Gamma = -1 and therefore For the Match, we have Gamma = 0 and therefore Where Gamma represents the Match or Reflect. ![]() I do this by drawing the signal flow graphs for Port 1 and Port 2 when the different calibration standards are connected and then trying to solve for the error terms given the measured S-parameters.Ĭonsider the following signal flow graph for Port 1 ![]() I have read a couple papers about it, but didn't understand it properly, therefore I tried to develop it myself. ![]() I am trying to figure out how TRM calibration in network analyzers works.
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